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\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0634\u0649 \u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064f\u062f\u064b\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647: \u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0643\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644: “\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a\u064e\u0651: \u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064f\u0651 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0639!”.([10]<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.makkahnews.net\/39471.html [2]<\/a> \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0646 Thomas. S. Kuhn \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u0628\u0650\u0646\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1962\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a” \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644”\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c 1431\u0647\u0640 (\u0635290). [3]<\/a> \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0635134 [4]<\/a> \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0634\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c (\u063519). [5]<\/a> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 2014\u060c (\u06358). [6]<\/a> \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0634\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c (\u063519). [7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.okaz.com.sa\/articles\/authors\/2037406.lk<\/a> [8]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 (\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 “\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a”)\u060c (\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641: \u0623.\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d). [9]<\/a> \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c (1\/4). [10]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c 1989\u0645\u060c (\u063524).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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